Ponmudi Dam

Ponmudi Dam

     Ponmudi Dam is located in Ponmudi, near Adimali, Idukki district , Kerala, India, and its constructed across the Panniar River, a tributary of the Periyar. Built in 1963, it has a length of 294 m. Ponmudi, lying very close to the sea, offers a plethora of tourist destinations and activities that the people visiting this place can indulge themselves in. an ideal place for nature lovers, this hill station attracts people from all over the country to come and explore this untouched virgin nature beauty. Long walk while bird watching with crystal waterfalls in the background, one explores the rubber, tea, cardamom and spices plantations.Ponmudi is the second highest peak in Kerala at 6,201ft.
Fishing can also be enjoyed. The old bridge, Thookkupalm, built by the British is a unique attraction. Ruins of some ancient buildings are also found nearby.Vellathooval Power House, Kallarkutty Dam, Kuthumkal Waterfalls and Sengulam Dam are some of the nearby attractions. Frequent buses are available from Adimali and Rajakkad.

 Geography

It is located at 9°57′1″N 77°3′37″E / 9.95028°N 77.06028°E



<><> <><>

Ponmudi Dam
Location	Idukki, Kerala India
Coordinates	9°57′1″N 77°3′37″E / 9.95028°N 77.06028°E / 9.95028; 77.06028Coordinates: 9°57′1″N 77°3′37″E / 9.95028°N 77.06028°E / 9.95028; 77.06028
Opening date	1963
Dam and spillways
Length	294 m
Impounds	Panniar River

<><> <><>

Ponmudi Dam
Location	Idukki, Kerala India
Coordinates	9°57′1″N 77°3′37″E / 9.95028°N 77.06028°E / 9.95028; 77.06028Coordinates: 9°57′1″N 77°3′37″E / 9.95028°N 77.06028°E / 9.95028; 77.06028
Opening date	1963
Dam and spillways
Length	294 m
Impounds	Panniar River

 / 9.95028; 77.06028

 

Peechi Dam

Peechi Dam

Peechi Dam is situated in a village 22 km (14 mi) outside Thrissur city in Kerala, India. The dam was started as an irrigation project for the surrounding villages in Thrissur. At the same time, it catered the drinking water needs of the population of Thrissur city. It serves as an irrigation dam, reaching out to the paddy fields in and around Thrissur city. Built across the Manali River, the dam is a vast catchment area of nearly 3,200 acres (1,300 ha) with extensive botanical gardens and cascading fountains offer numerous inviting avenues for tourists. The dam has a vast catchment area of nearly 3,200 acres (13 km²) with extensive botanical gardens and cascading fountains offer numerous inviting avenues for tourists. One can see tuskers on the bank of this reservoir Peechi -vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary, established in 1958 covering 125 square kilometres (48 sq mi).
History
E. Ikkanda Warrier (1890–1977), the first Prime Minister of the then independent state of Kochi, India, was the architect of Peechi Dam. Majority of the Thrissurian opposed the dam cutting across the partyline. He brought a retired Chief Engineer from Andhra Pradesh to built the dam as engineers from Kerala opposed the project. The dam was completed in 1959.

 Travelling

• By Road: Peechi Dam is well connected to Kochi and Thrissur. It is at a distance of 15 km (9.3 mi) from Thrissur city and have regular buses.
• By Rail: The nearest railway station to Peechi Dam is the Thrissur Railway Station, which is only at distance of 22 kilometers.
• By Air: The nearest airport to Peechi Dam is the Kochi Airport which is at a distance of only 98 km (61 mi).

 Accommodation

• Accommodation facilities can be availed at the rest house and the information centre.
• Hotels are available in Thrissur city.

 Statistics

• One of the oldest dams in Kerala
• Type of Dam: Concrete Straight Gravity

Parambikulam Dam

Parambikulam Dam

Parambikulam Dam is an embankment dam on the Parambikulam River,  Parambikulam located in the Palakkad district in the Western Ghats of Kerala, India, ranks number one in India as well as in the top ten embankment dams in the world in volume capacity in the year 2000.
Per the agreement with Tamil Nadu, Kerala was supposed to receive 7.25 TMC feet of water per year from the Parambikulam Aliyar Project of which the Parambikulam Dam is a part. In 2004, Kerala did not receive any water after February 10, resulting in the drying up of paddy in thousands of acres in Chittur taluk. Since this agreement has still not been met as of July 2006, Kerala Water Resources Minister has called for a review of the project agreement.







<><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><>

Parambikulam Dam
Location	Kerala, India
Coordinates	10°22′40″N 76°45′51″E / 10.37778°N 76.76417°E / 10.37778; 76.76417
Dam and spillways
Height	m
Length	m
Impounds	Parambikulam River
Capacity: 69,165 x 1000 Cu. mt

Neyyar dam

Neyyar dam

Neyyar dam is a gravity dam on the Neyyar River in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala, South India, located on the foot of the Western Ghats about 30 km from Thiruvananthapuram. It was established in 1958 and is a popular picnic spot. Lying against the southern low hills of the Western Ghats, Neyyar Dam has a scenic lake.

 Geography

Neyyar dam is situated at Kallikkad Panchayath of Neyyattinkara Taluk. The peak Agasthya kooodam is very near to Neyyar dam. The dam was built for irrigation purposes. One canal of Neyyar flows to western districts of Tamil Nadu. The main river Neyyar flows through Kallikkadu, Ottasekharamangalam, Aryancode, Kezaroor, Marayamuttom, Neyyattinkara and Poovar and ends at the Arabian Sea. Kallikkadu panchayath has more cultural and historic heritages. The Travancore King Marthanda Varma's footprints are here. he fought against Ettuveettil Pillais and he had to flee from his palace. He walked through the mountains of Kallikkadu such as Agasthakoodam with the Aborigins, Kanikkar. They saved the king and they were rewarded with 36,000 acres (150 km²) of land. this is known as Kanipatt. after the democratic reign Kanis lost the land and it came under the controle of local land lords. there was a famous strike, Kanipattu Samaram led by Karshaka Sangham. Kallikkad Ramachandran the famous writer and filim maker, K R Ajayan the Journalist and Short story writer are the products Of Kallikkad.
A yoga centre, Sivanantha Ashram, is near to this place, which provides classes about meditation, yoga etc. for foreigners as well as for natives. Several temples are near Neyyardam, including the Veeranakavu Sreedharma Shastha temple and the Mangara Muttom Siva temple.

 Design

The Neyyar Dam is a concrete gravity-type with a height of 56 m (184 ft) and length of 294 m (965 ft). Its structural volume is 105,000 m³ (3,708,040 cu ft). The dam creates a reservoir of 1,060,000,000 m³ (859,356 acre·ft) of which 1,010,000,000 m³ (818,820 acre·ft) is active (useful) capacity. The reservoir's surface area is 91 km² (35 sq mi) and the dam's spillway has a 809 m³/s (28,570 cu ft/s) maximum discharge capacity.

Activities

Yoga

Neyyar Dam is home to the beautiful and peaceful Sivananda Yoga Vedanta Dhanwanthari Ashram where you can take courses in Yogga and practice meditation. The trees that are growing inside the Ashram are astonishing by their height and vigor, which is due to both care by the people and influx of good energy arising from the participants.Try drinking the juice from a local coconut and eating the white milky lining. On the journey from Trivandrum you will see rubber plantations and the local harvest of the white latex that comes from the trees.

Boating

Tourists can hire a speed boat for Rs 100 to 150 per head to view the surrounding forests.

Crocodile Rehabilitation and Research Centre

A crocodile farm was set up in 1977. It also includes a habitat for otters near the administrative complex. The Crocodile Rehabilitation and Research Centre in Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary was named initially by the Kerala government after the late naturalist Steve Irwin as Steve Irwin National Park.

 Attractions

• Lion safari park
• Boating on the water
• Deer park
• Crocodile Rehabilitation and Research Centre
• Miniature wild life sanctuary
• Lake garden
• Swimming pool
• Watch tower

 Transport

You can travel there by air, the nearest airport is Thiruvananthapuram International Airport (38 km) and the nearest railway station is at Thiruvananthapuram (30 km).
How to Reach Neyyar Dam:
There is a regular Bus Service from the city of Thiruvananthapuram and the nearest Railway Station is also Thiruvananthapuram, 32 km from the Neyyar Dam. One can also come via the International Thiruvananthapuram Airport to Neyyar Dam, which is just 38 km away.

Location	Kerala, India
Opening date	1958
Dam and spillways
Type of dam	Gravity
Height	56 m (184 ft)
Length	294 m (965 ft)
Volume	105,000 m3 (3,708,040 cu ft)
Spillway capacity	809 m3/s (28,570 cu ft/s)
Reservoir
Capacity	1,060,000,000 m3 (859,356 acre·ft)
Active capacity	1,010,000,000 m3 (818,820 acre·ft)
Surface area	91 km2 (35 sq mi)

Mattupetty Dam

Mattupetty Dam

Mattupetty Dam, near Munnar in Idukki District, is a storage Concrete Gravity dam built in the mountains of Kerala, India to conserve water for hydroelectricity. It has been a vital sources of power, yielding along with other such dams, huge revenue to the states. The large amount of perennially available water allows wild animals and birds to flourish. However salinity caused by irrigation and water-logging are of concern to environmentalists.
Munnar is located near the confluence of the mountain streams of Muthirappuzha River, Chanduvarai River and Kundale River. See:map
The reservoir is also known to be one of the visiting grounds of elephants in the region.






<><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><>

Mattupetty Dam
Location	Munnar, Kerala, India
Coordinates	10°6′16″N 77°7′25″E / 10.10444°N 77.12361°E / 10.10444; 77.12361Coordinates: 10°6′16″N 77°7′25″E / 10.10444°N 77.12361°E / 10.10444; 77.12361
Construction began	1949
Opening date	1953
Construction cost	Rs. 220 Lakhs
Reservoir
Creates	Mattupetty
Capacity	55.4 Million Cubic Meter
Catchment area	105 Square kilometer
Surface area	323.75 Hectare
Hydraulic head	46.6 meter

Mangalam dam

Mangalam dam

Mangalam dam is constructed across the river Cherukunnapuzha which is a tributary of Mangalam river. A canal system for irrigation purpose was completed and opened in 1966, in the Alathur taluk of Palakkad district in Kerala, South India.
Most of the inhabitants come from, Perumbavoor Kottayam or Chalakkudy. There are rubber, pepper, coffee, and tapioca plantations in the area.
Mangalam dam is 16 km away from Vadakkencherry. Odenthode, Kunjiarpathy, Kavilupara, Vattapara, Neethipuram, Ponkandam, Kadappara, Uppumanne, Olipara, Balaswaram-V.R.T and Choorupara are also in the area.
A big landslide occurred near Kavilupara during the 2007 floods.

Malampuzha Dam

Malampuzha Dam

Malampuzha Dam is the largest reservoir in Kerala, located near Palakkad in south India with the scenic hills of the Western Ghats in the background. It is a combination of a masonry dam with a length of 1,849 metres and an earthen dam with a length of 220 metres. The dam is 6,066 feet high and crosses the Malampuzha River, a tributary of Bharathappuzha, Kerala's second longest river. There is a network of two canal systems that serve the dam's reservoir of 42,090 hectares.
The dam project was begun in 1949 and completed in 1955. The total catchments area is 145 square kilometres, while the reservoir has a capacity of 8000 square meters of water. The canal systems serve to irrigate farm land while the reservoir provides drinking water to Palakkad and surrounding villages.





<><> <><>

Official name	Malampuzha Dam
Location	Palakkad District, Kerala
Construction began	March 1949
Opening date	9 October 1955
Dam and spillways
Height	115.06 m
Length	2,069 m
Impounds	Malampuzha river
Reservoir
Creates	Malampuzha Reservoir
Capacity	236.69 cubic metres
Catchment area	147.63 sq. km.

Kakki Reservoir

Kakki Reservoir

Kakki Reservoir is an artificial lake, located in Pathanamthitta district of Kerala, India. The lake, which was created when Kakki and Anathode dams were built, is on one of the tributaries of Pamba, the Kakki tributary. The dams were built in 1966 as part of the Sabarigiri Hydroelectric project. Full reservoir level (FRL) is 981.45 meters above sea level according to the operators of the "twin" reservoirs, the Kerala State Electricity Board. The reservoir, which is also a tourist spot, is nestled in the Pathanamthitta reserve forest, very close to the Western Ghats.




<><>

Kakki Reservoir
Location	Pathanamthitta
Coordinates	9°10′N 77°09′E / 9.17°N 77.15°E / 9.17; 77.15
Opening date	1966
Dam and spillways
Height	116 m
Length	336 m
Impounds	Kakki tributary
Reservoir
Creates	Kakki
Capacity	0.46
Normal elevation	981 m

Idukki Dam

Idukki Dam

The Idukki Dam, located in Kerala, India, is a 555 foot tall arch dam. The dam stands between the two mountains - Kuravanmala (839)m and Kurathimala (925)m. It was constructed and is owned by the Kerala State Electricity Board.
It is built on the Periyar River, in the ravine between the Kuravan and Kurathi Hills in Kerala, India. At 167.68 metres, it is one of the highest arch dams in Asia. It started generating power on 4 October 1975. Technically, the dam type is a concrete double, curvature parabolic, thin arc dam.
This dam was constructed along with two other dams at Cheruthony and Kulamavu. Together, the three dams have created an artificial lake that is 60 km² in area. The stored water is used to produce electricity at the Moolamattom Power house, which is located inside nearby rocky caves. The Government of Canada aided in the building of the dam with long term loans and grants.




<><><><>

Idukki Dam
Idukki arch dam on the Periyar
Official name	Idukki Dam
Location	Kerala, India
Coordinates	9°51′01″N 76°58′01″E / 9.85028°N 76.96694°E / 9.85028; 76.96694
Construction began	30 April 1969
Opening date	February 1973
Dam and spillways
Height	167.68
Impounds	Periyar River
Reservoir
Creates	Idukki reservoir
Capacity	2000 M m3
Catchment area	60 km2

Idamalayar Dam

Idamalayar Dam

The Idamalayar Dam is a multipurpose concrete gravity dam located at Ennakal, near Bhoothathankettu, on the Idamalayar River, a tributary of the Periyar River in Kerala, South India. Completed in 1985, with a length of 373 metres (1,224 ft), the dam created a multipurpose reservoir covering 28.3 km² (10.9 sq mi) in the scenic hills of the Western Ghats.
The reservoir storage is utilized by a hydroelectric power station which has an installed capacity of 75 MW with two units of 37.5 MW capacity, producing an annual energy output of 380 GW·h.
The large reservoir created by the Idamalayar Dam is operated by the Kerala State Electricity Board to augment its peak power generation requirements. The dam will benefit the Idamalayar Irrigation Development Project by diverting water released from the tail race channel of the Idamalayar power station.
<><><><> <><><><>

 Geography

The Idamalayar Dam is located on the Idamalayar River, a tributary of the Periyar River in Kerala. Idamalayar River originates in the Anaimalai Hills at elevation of 2,520 metres (8,270 ft). The river is a perennial source draining a catchment area of 381 km² (147 sq mi) with a topography of high relief. The catchment receives annual rainfall of 6,000 millimetres (240 in), 90% of which occurs during the monsoon months of June to September.
The dam is located 81 kilometres (50 mi) from Ernakulam in Ernakulam district and 10–12 kilometres (6.2–7.5 mi) from the Bhoothathankettu dam (literal meaning in Malayalam language: "monster dam") on the Periyar River, which takes its name from local myths attributing its construction to demons who built it with the intention of submerging Thrikkariyoor temple.

 Water resources

Based on detailed hydrological analysis, with observed data supplemented by rainfall-runoff correlation and prediction of low flows during dry months, the mean annual runoff was estimated as about 1,207 million cubic meters (million cubic metres) and that at 95% availability as 730 million cubic metres. Therefore, the live storage in the reservoir was fixed at 1,032.3 million cubic metres. However, subsequent to the commissioning of the project in 1987, availability of the flows was reassessed. It was noted that flows reduced to 1,178 million cubic metres in dry season and reached 4,361 million cubic metres during the monsoon. The total annual flow was assessed as 5,539 million cubic metres. As irrigation requirements are not critical during monsoon season the assessment of dry weather flows is relevant for irrigation.
Further, Idamalayar storage is being supplemented from diversion of flows from the Peringalkuthu Reservoir during the monsoon season through the Vachumaram diversion canal constructed during 1997. The water stored in the reservoir is used for energy generation during the monsoon season by adopting a suitable reservoir operational schedule so that the water diverted from the diversion canal is not spilled out.

 Structural details

The dam built across the Idamalayar River is a gravity concrete structure with a total height of 102.80 metres (337.3 ft) above the deepest foundation level with a length of 373 metres (1,224 ft) at the crest level. The full reservoir level is elevation 169 metres (554 ft) and the minimum draw down mevel (MDDL) is 115 metres (377 ft). The dam has created a reservoir with a water spread of 28.3 km² (10.9 sq mi). The reservoir has a gross storage capacity of 1,089.0 million cubic metres of which the effective storage is 1,017.8 million cubic metres. The spillway has been designed to pass a design flood discharge of 3,012.8 cubic metres per second (106,400 cu ft/s).
The storage in the reservoir created behind the high concrete gravity dam is utilized for power generation by diversion through a water conductor system comprising a 1,700 metres (5,600 ft) long power tunnel, surge shaft and two lines of penstocks connected to the turbines installed in a surface power station for generation of 75 MW of power with two units of 35 MW capacity each.
Instrumentation is provided in the Idamalayar Dam and the observations carried out are analysed regularly to monitor the safety of the structure. However, a rehabilitation project envisaging improving the safety and operational performance of selected structures such as dams, barrages and regulators, which covers 19 projects under the Irrigation Department and 12 projects of the Kerala State Electricity Board, has been approved under the World Bank funded "Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (DRIP)" to be implemented from January 2011. Idamalayar Dam is one of the projects included in this programme. However, the rehabilitation work on this dam is proposed to be taken up in the second stage.

 Irrigation benefits

Irrigation benefits from the water stored in the Idamalayar Reservoir are proposed by utilizing the tail-race water released from the Idamalayar Power house. For this purpose, the project titled "The Idamalayar Irrigation Project" is under implementation. Under this project, the tail race discharge from the Idamalayar powerhouse is picked up at the barrage constructed across the Periyar River at Bhoothathankettu and diverted through a canal system on the right bank of the barrage. The irrigation benefits envisaged covers an area of 14,394 hectares (35,570 acres) of wet and dry agricultural lands, out of which the cultivable command area is 13,209 hectares (32,640 acres). The project is under implementation since 1981. The cost of the project was initially Rs 18.5 crores (about US$ 411.11 million), which as per latest reports of 2007 is stated to be Rs.539.50 crores (US$ 1198.9 million). According to the Annual Plan 2010–2011 of the State Government, substantial work of the main canal, the low level canal and the link canal still needs to be completed to derive full planned benefits of irrigation.
Apart from power and irrigation benefits, the project situated in scenic forest area also provides recreational benefits of boating in the reservoir, bird watching and trekking.

 Construction delays

The Idamalayar Dam project was started in 1970 and completed after 17 years. In an analysis carried out in 2001 on the reasons for the delay in completion of Hydropower Projects resulting in immense cost overruns in Kerala, it was noted that the Idamalayar project could be commissioned only in 1987 with a time overrun of 9 years and consequent cost over run of 285% resulting in a capital cost of Rs 2.81 per kWh of generation. While technical reasons for the delays were fully documented, the delay highlighted, however, was attributed to the "irrational behaviour of the organized militant labour". A High Level Committee set up by the Government of Kerala, which examined this issue, observed that the Idamalayar Dam project has been the "victim of recurring and long inertial periods of labour unrest".


<><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><> <><>

Official name	Idamalayar Dam
Country	India
Location	Ernakulam District, Kerala
Coordinates	10°13′18″N 76°42′21″E / 10.22167°N 76.70583°E / 10.22167; 76.70583Coordinates: 10°13′18″N 76°42′21″E / 10.22167°N 76.70583°E / 10.22167; 76.70583
Construction began	1970
Opening date	1985
Construction cost	Rs.539.50 crores (US$ 1.199 billion)
Owner(s)	Kerala State Electricity Board
Dam and spillways
Height	102.80 metres (337.3 ft)
Length	373 metres (1,224 ft)
Impounds	Edamalayar/Periyar river
Reservoir
Creates	Idamalayar Reservoir
Capacity	1.0898 cubic kilometres (0.2615 cu mi)
Catchment area	381 km2 (147 sq mi)
Surface area	28.3 km2 (10.9 sq mi)
Power station
Operator(s)	Kerala State Electricity Board
Type	gravity dam
Turbines	2 @ 37.5 MW
Installed capacity	75 MW
Capacity factor	0.58
Annual generation	380 GW·h